Tonos del Sur

José Maurício Nunes Garcia: The Sound of Brazil's Classical Legacy

BLOOMINGTON, IN

Notes on the Program

Tonos is delighted to be performing at BLEMF this year with an evening of works by José Maurício Nunes Garcia (1767-1830). Born in Rio de Janeiro, Garcia had a tremendous impact on the musical landscape of Brazil during his lifetime through multiple channels: as teacher, Chapelmaster, improviser, composer, and Catholic priest. This legacy is all the more remarkable given that both of his parents were children of enslaved mothers. Archival sources reveal several mentions of orchestras refusing to play under Garcia’s leadership, including anonymous documents that cite his “visible physical defect” and “inferior race.” Yet, his heritage did not always stand in his way. As he pursued Catholic priesthood, Garcia successfully petitioned for an exemption from his “defect of color,” the discriminatory classification that prevented ordination for those of indigenous or African descent in Portuguese America. Further, Garcia held the support of King John VI of Portugal, who, after hearing him conduct his own works for full orchestra and choir, perform on the fortepiano, and sing, appointed him Master of the Royal Chapel, the official position of the first musician of the Kingdom of Portugal.

At least 170 of Garcia’s compositions have been lost, including a Treatise on Harmony and Counterpoint; yet, thanks to pupils and patrons ensuring manuscripts were either preserved or re-copied, a remarkable number—some 240—survive. This rich, varied collection demonstrates not only his exceptional skills in composition but also his tremendous scope as a orchestrator. Tonos is eager for you to hear some of Garcia’s lesser-known works from this collection, which have been regularly reaching audiences in the US only since 2023.

We open tonight’s concert with one of these works, Tota pulchra es Maria, Garcia’s first formal composition written when he was just 16. Conveniently, this work fits Tonos’s regular performing forces, with the addition of solo flute played beautifully by Leighann Dahl Ragusa. The second selection on the program is the Credo from Garcia’s Missa de São Pedro de Alcântara. While we hope you get the chance to hear the complete mass on a future concert program, this movement brilliantly highlights Garcia’s technique when writing not for a full orchestra, but instead for the organ in the role of an orchestra. In a more standard work, our continuo organ player, Anastasia Chin, would typically read the basso continuo line, playing the bass notes with her left hand while realizing the figures—a numeric shorthand for notating harmonies—with her right hand. However, Garcia has here fully notated two lines of music for the organ part, in treble and bass clefs for the left and right hands, respectively, with specific organ registration instructions that prescribe the sounds the instrument will produce—an aspect not always indicated by composers. You can listen for Anastasia’s playing as she switches between regular continuo (realizing figures) and the melodic material Garcia has written out for both hands. The result is as rich and robust as a full orchestra, supporting and adding to the wonderful vocal lines.

The Ladainha de Nossa Senhora das Dores, or Litany of Our Lady of Sorrows, is the center of our program tonight. We have added Michael Stiles and Sara Petokas on natural horn to fill out this work, which also features each Tonos vocalist individually and in stunning polyphony. Finally, we close our program with the delightfully catchy Laudate Pueri (Psalm 112), for which we would like to thank Artur Penha Soares for the score and parts from his transcription work with the Brazilian Ministry of Culture.

Tonos had several considerations for this program, as most of Garcia’s surviving works are scored for forces much larger than our typical configuration, including oboes, flutes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, trumpets, and timpani, in addition to violins, violas, cello, double bass, and continuo keyboard. In choosing to add only horns and flute, which allows us to achieve the rich sonorities of a much larger ensemble, we are able to present several works in what are likely their US premieres—fulfilling one of Tonos’s highest priorities as an ensemble. We are thrilled to share this music with you, and we hope this performance offers a glimpse into the depth, complexity, and beauty of Garcia’s legacy—one that richly deserves a broader place in the canon of early music.

~ Sarah Cranor

Texts & Translations

Tota pulchra es Maria

Tota pulchra es, Maria.

You are all beautiful, Mary,

Et macula originalis non est in Te.

and the original stain [of sin] is not in you.

Tu gloria Ierusalem.

You are the glory of Jerusalem,

Tu laetitia Israel.

you are the joy of Israel,

Tu honorificentia populi nostri.

you give honor to our people.

Tu advocata peccatorum.

You are an advocation of sinners.

O Maria,

O Mary,

Virgo prudentissima.

Virgin most intelligent,

Mater clementissima.

Mother most merciful.

Ora pro nobis.

Pray for us,

Intercede pro nobis.

Plead for us,

Ad Dominum Iesu Christi.

To the Lord Jesus Christ.

Missa de São Pedro de Alcântara: Credo

Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem,

I believe in one God, The Father Almighty,

factorem coeli et terrae,

Maker of heaven and earth,

visibilium onmium et invisibilium.

and of all things visible and invisible.

Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum,

And in one Lord, Jesus Christ the

Filium Dei unigenitum.

Only-begotten Son of God.

Et ex Patre natum ante onmia saecula.

Born of the Father before all ages.

Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine,

God of God, Light of Light,

Deum verum de Deo vero.

true God of True God.

Genitum, non factum,

Begotten, not made,

consubstantialem Patri:

of one substance with the Father.

per quem omnia facta sunt.

By whom all things were made.

Qui propter nos homines,

Who for us men

et propter nostram salutem

and for our salvation came

descendit de coelis.

down from heaven.

Et incarnatus est de

And became incarnate by the

Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine:

Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary:

Et homo factus est.

And was made man.

Crucifixus etiam pro nobis;

He was also crucified for us,

sub Pontio Pilato passus,

suffered under Pontius Pilate,

et sepultus est.

and was buried.

Et resurrexit tertia die,

And on the third day He rose again

secundum Scripturas.

according to the Scriptures.

Et ascendit in coelum:

He ascended into heaven and

sedet ad dexteram Patris.

sits at the right hand of the Father.

Et iterum venturus est com gloria

He will come again in glory

judicare vivos et mortuos

to judge the living and the dead and

cujus regni non erit finis.

His kingdom will have no end.

Et in Spiritum Sanctum,

And in the Holy Spirit,

Dominum et vivificantem:

the Lord and Giver of life,

qui ex Patre Filioque procedit.

Who proceeds from the Father and the Son.

Qui cum Patre,

Who together with the Father

et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur:

and the Son is adored and glorified,

qui locutus est per Prophetas.

and who spoke through the prophets.

Et unam, sanctam, catholicam et

And one holy, Catholic and

apostolicam Ecclesiam.

Apostolic Church.

Confiteor unum baptisma

I confess one baptism

in remissionem peccatorum.

for the forgiveness of sins

Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum.

and I await the resurrection of the dead

Et vitam venturi saeculi. Amen.

and the life of the world to come. Amen.

Ladainha de Nossa Senhora das Dores

I.

Kyrie eleison,

Lord, have mercy upon us,

Christe eleison

Christ, have mercy upon us,

Kyrie eleison

Lord, have mercy upon us,

Christe audi nos

Christ, listen to us,

Christe exaudi nos.

Christ, attend to us.

II.

Pater de Coelis Deus

Father of Heaven, God,

Fili redemptor mundi Deus

Son, the world redeemer, God,

Spiritus sancte Deus

Holy Ghost, God,

Sancta Trinitas unus Deus

Holy Trinity in one God

miserere nobis

have mercy upon us,

Sancta Maria ora pro nobis

Holy Mary, pray upon us,

Sancta Dei Genitrix

Holy Mother of God,

Sancta Virgo Virginum

Holy Virgin among the virgins,

Mater Christi crucifixi

Mother of the crucified Christ,

Mater dolorosa

Mother of sorrows,

Mater morens

Mother in agony,

Mater suspirans

Mother who sighs,

Mater afflicta

Mother in afflictions,

Mater derelicta

Mother in abandon,

Mater desolata

Mother in desolation,

Mater maestissima

Mother in grief,

ora pro nobis.

pray for us.

III.

Mater angustiis circundata

Mother, surrounded by grief,

Mater aerumnis confecta

Mother, consumed by torments,

Mater gladio transverberata

Mother, trespassed by the sword,

Mater spinis coronata

Mother, crowned with thorns,

Mater cruci affixa

Mother, nailed at the cross,

Mater filio orbata,

Mother deprived of His Son,

ora pro nobis.

pray for us.

IV.

Turtur gemibunda

Moaning swallow,

mulier dolorum

woman of pains,

mare amaritudinum

sea of sorrows,

acervus tribulationum

tribulation of the arrogant,

cumulus passionum

pinnacle of suffering,

speculum patientiae

mirror of patience,

ora pro nobis.

pray for us.

V.

Rupes constantiae

Rock of constancy,

antidotum angustiarum,

antidote of anguishes,

gaudium afflictorum,

joy of the afflicted,

ara desolatorum,

altar of the desolated,

refugium derelictorum,

refuge of the abandoned,

clypeus oppressorum,

shield of the oppressed,

solatium crucifixorum,

relieve of the crucified,

pharmacum infirmorum

cure of the diseased,

medicina languentium,

medicine of the sick,

fortitudo debilium,

fortress of the feeble,

matrona pugnantium

mentor of the fighters,

ora pro nobis.

pray for us.

VI.

Portus naufragantium,

Port of the shipwrecked,

socia dolentium,

companion of the sick,

recursus gementium,

resource for those who sigh,

confortatio patientium,

comfort of the patient,

Terror insidiantium,

terror of traitors,

ora pro nobis.

pray for us.

VII.

Magistra apostolorum

Mistress of the apostles,

vexillifera martyrum

banner carrier of all martyrs,

Lúmen confessorum

light of the confessors,

margarita virginum,

pearl of all virgins,

consolatio viduarum

comfort of the widows,

Mater servorum tuorum,

mother of your servants,

ora pro nobis.

pray for us.

VIII.

Ab omni malo

Of all evil,

libera nos Domine

[refrain]: set us free, o Lord,

ab omni peccato alia ventura,

from every future sin,

a maledictione perpetua, [r]

from the perpetual damnation, [r]

a morte aeterna,

from the everlasting death,

a Domini visione

of the vision of the Lord

ab infernali carcere, [r]

from the prison of Hell, [r]

per Simeonis senis

made by Simeon, [r]

de doloribus tuis praedictionem, [r]

for the prophecy of your sorrows

per laboriosam sancti Filii tui

for the awful flee with thy

in Aegyptu transmigrationem, [r]

Holy Son to Egypt, [r]

per lacrimabilem filii tui

or the tears dropped for missing

ad triduum amissionem, [r]

thy Son at the temple, [r]

per fastidiosam a filio

for the painstaking weight thy Son

tuo crucis portationem, [r]

supported when carrying the cross, [r]

per clamorosa Filii tui

for the infamous elevation

in cruce pendentis elevationem, [r]

of thy Son in the cross, [r]

per dolorosam filii tui

for the painful deposition

a cruce depositionem, [r]

of thy Son from the cross, [r]

IX.

Per lugubrem corporis filii tui

For the sorrow at Thy Son´s burial,

tumulationem libera nos Domine

set us free, o Lord,

X.

Filia Dei,

Daughter of God,

sponsa Dei,

Spouse of God,

Mater Dei

Mother of God

te rogamus audi nos.

we implore you to hear our voice.

XI.

Agnus Dei qui tollis peccata mundi

Lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world

Parce nobis Domine

Forgive us, o Lord,

Agnus Dei qui tollis peccata mundi

Lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world listen to us, o Lord,

exaudi nos Domine

Hear us, o Lord,

Agnus Dei qui tollis peccata mundi

Lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world

miserere nobis.

have mercy upon us

Laudate Pueri

Psalm 112

Laudate, pueri, Dominum;

Praise the Lord, ye children:

laudate nomen Domini.

praise ye the name of the Lord.

Sit nomen Domini benedictum

Blessed be the name of the Lord,

ex hoc nunc et usque in sæculum.

From henceforth now and for ever.

A solis ortu usque ad occasum

From the rising unto the going down of the sun,

laudabile nomen Domini.

the name of the Lord is worthy of praise.

Excelsus super omnes gentes Dominus,

The Lord is high above all nations;

et super cælos gloria ejus.

and his glory above the heavens

Quis sicut Dominus Deus noster,

Who is as the Lord our God,

qui in altis habitat,

who dwelleth on high:

et humilia respicit

and looketh down

in cælo et in terra?

on the low things in heaven and in earth?

Suscitans a terra inopem,

Raising up the needy from the earth,

et de stercore erigens pauperem:

and lifting up the poor out of the dunghill:

ut collocet eum cum principibus,

That he may place him with princes,

cum principibus populi sui.

with the princes of his people.

Artist Bio’s

Blake Beckemeyer is an Indianapolis-based tenor spacializing in high baroque music. Last season, he sang the Evangelist in Lafayette and was the tenor Virginia Best Adams Fellow at the Carmel Bach Festival. He debuted with Washington Bach Consort’s Capitol Hill Cantata Series and has performed Bach’s John Passion with Indianapolis Baroque Orchestra, as well as Israel in Egypt with Apollo’s Fire and the NY Philharmonic at Lincoln Center. His solo recordings include Monteverdi Vespers, The Outer Edge of Youth, and works by Bach and Weston. As part of Tonos del Sur, he headlined the Latin American Music Festival at the University of Illinois-Chicago. This summer, he performs Brahms in Brown County and returns to the Bloomington Early Music Festival. He also sings with such ensembles as Seraphic Fire, The Thirteen, True Concord, the Valparaiso Bach Ensemble, Bach Ensemble-Helmuth Rilling, the Weimar Bach Cantata Akademie, the Fort Wayne Bach Collegium, and the Bloomington Bach Cantata Project. Outside music, he is a software engineer, serves on arts boards, and explores AI’s role in the music industry.

Soprano Shannon Beckemeyer has interests spanning historical performance, vocology, and choral singing. Most recently, she performed in Bach cantatas 213 and 33 as a concertist and was a soloist in the Das jüngste Gericht program presented by Alchymy Viols and Incantare. This spring, Shannon sang with the Indianapolis Baroque Orchestra in Bach’s Johannespassion, and multiple programs with Tonos del Sur. As a chorister, she has toured to Hereford Cathedral, Salisbury Cathedral, St. George’s Chapel-Windsor, Notre Dame de Paris, La Madeleine, and the Thomaskirche (Leipzig), Georgenkirche (Eisenach), and Stadtkirche (Weimar), the latter three with Helmuth Rilling. She holds degrees in voice and a certificate in vocology from Indiana University-Jacobs School of Music and degrees in voice and biochemistry from DePauw University. When not singing, Shannon works in project management for a multinational drug development company and lives with her husband in Brownsburg, Indiana.

Top prize winner ex aequo of the Ninth Mae and Irving Jurow International Harpsichord Competition, Singaporean fortepianist, harpsichordist and pianist Anastasia Chin is praised for her naturally sensitive, elegant and eloquent performances, and for her ability to make the instruments sing. Recent and upcoming engagements include solo fortepiano recitals for the Western Early Keyboard Association and MusicSources, J.S. Bach’s concerti for two and four harpsichords with Seven Hills Baroque, J.S. Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 with the Historical Performance Institute at Indiana University for the Madison Performing Arts Foundation, Handel’s Messiah with the Oregon Symphony, concerts with Tonos del Sur at the University of Illinois Chicago Latin American Music Festival, for the Bloomington Early Music Festival, and guest recitals and lecture-recitals at the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music in Singapore. A regular performer with the Bloomington Bach Cantata Project and Tonos del Sur, Anastasia holds a Doctor of Music in Early Music (Keyboard), a Master of Music in Early Music (Fortepiano) and a Performer Diploma in Harpsichord from the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. She earned her Bachelor of Music in Piano Performance from the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, Singapore, where she studied with renowned pianist Albert Tiu. Her mentor is eminent harpsichordist and fortepianist Elisabeth Wright, to whom she credits for igniting her passion for early music.

Violinist and Director Sarah Cranor is passionate about the vibrant sonic possibilities found in sharing both historical and contemporary music with live audiences. Sarah is a part of Chaski Quartet, bringing music to incarcerated individuals across Colorado Department of Corrections facilities, as well as public concerts across the West. Sarah can be heard regularly with the Indianapolis Baroque Orchestra, where in 2025, she directed Growing up Baroque, a bi-lingual presentation of music and stories from across the Americas, Sphere Ensemble, Omaha Symphony, Arizona Bach Festival, and Duo Anthracite. Sarah was acting Concertmaster/Principal Second Violin with the West Texas Symphony for four seasons, a member of the Permian Basin String Quartet, and guest concertmaster of the Bloomington and Lafayette Symphony Orchestras, and the Bach Series at Duke University. Sarah holds a Doctor of Music degree from Indiana University’s Jacobs School of Music; her doctoral research focuses on the music of Santiago Billoni, chapelmaster at the Durango Cathedral, Mexico, from 1749-1756. Sarah has presented guest lectures at EAFIT in Colombia, the UNAM in Mexico, University of Nebraska at Omaha, and Indiana University. Sarah is the director of the Bloomington Early Music Immersion, a middle-school-aged historical performance experience for modern string players through the Bloomington Early Music Festival. Sarah runs ultra-marathons, and always looks forward to exploring new trails.

Louisville native Alice Culin-Ellison, violin, is a versatile historical performer with a special interest in late 16th- and early 17th-century repertoire. She is a founding member of Incantare, an ensemble of violins and sackbuts focusing on musical and cultural connections of under-explored musicians. Alice performs around the country with groups including The Newberry Consort, the Atlanta Baroque Orchestra, and Apollo’s Fire, and was the Artistic Director of Bourbon Baroque from 2017-2022. She has led opera productions of Handel’s Acis and Galatea and Purcell’s King Arthur. Alice received her Doctor of Musical Arts in Historical Performance from Case Western Reserve University, studying with Julie Andrijeski. She holds a Masters of Music from the Historical Performance Institute at Indiana University, studying with Stanley Ritchie, and a Bachelors of Music from the University of Michigan.

Applauded for “some of the most spirited, stylish, and nuanced playing” (Chicago Classical Review) as well as her “invigoratingly fresh and perky interpretation” (Bachtrack), Leighann Daihl Ragusa is an accomplished musician on both historical and modern flutes. She has concertized across central Europe as well as the United States as a soloist and collaborator of chamber and orchestral music. In 2007, Leighann was a prizewinner in the National Flute Association’s Baroque Flute Competition and has been fortunate to work under such notable conductors as Jeffrey Thomas, Barthold Kuijken, Jeanne Lamon, Stanley Ritchie, Harry Bickett, and Peter Kooij. She earned degrees in modern flute from DePauw University and Indiana University, and in historical flutes from The Royal Conservatory of the Hague and Indiana University. Leighann is co-director of the Bach + Beethoven Experience, the Managing Director of the Indianapolis Baroque Orchestra, and the Baroque Flute Competitions Coordinator for the National Flute Association.

Chicago-born cellist Dr. Kevin Flynn is Visiting Assistant Professor at the Greenwood School of Music at Oklahoma State University, Assistant Principal Cello in the Oklahoma City Philharmonic, and Acting Principal Cello in the Oklahoma Baroque Orchestra. He has served as Principal Cellist of the Terre Haute Symphony Orchestra and Columbus Indiana Philharmonic, and as the Sajo and Chiqui Fellow of the International Chamber Orchestra of Puerto Rico. He is cellist in the groundbreaking historically-informed chamber ensemble Tonos del Sur and the prize-winning Cercis String Quartet. Kevin holds both Doctor of Music and Master of Music degrees in Violoncello Performance from the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music where he was the Eva Heinitz Memorial Fellow, and he earned Bachelor of Arts degrees in Music and in Philosophy from Grand Valley State University. His primary teachers include Emilio Colón, Pablo Mahave-Veglia, Joanna Blendulf, Helga Winold, and Stanley Ritchie.

Alejandro Gómez Guillén, conductor and violinist, is passionate about making music compelling, uplifting, and educational. Recently appointed Director of Orchestras at Arizona State University, he also serves as Music Director of Sphere Ensemble, where he explores string orchestra repertoire across centuries and genres. Key roles he has held include Assistant Conductor of the Omaha Symphony, Artistic Director of the Bloomington Symphony Orchestra, and Associate Conductor of the Fort Worth Symphony, conducting premieres such as Florence Price’s Fourth Symphony and Andy Akiho’s Sculptures. As a guest conductor, Alejandro has collaborated with orchestras across the US and abroad, and looks forward to upcoming engagements with Orlando Philharmonic and Virginia Symphony. As a violinist, he has performed at venues like the Berlin Philharmonie and Rheingau Festival. Alejandro was born in Colombia, and holds advanced degrees in both conducting and violin. Off the podium, he enjoys trail running, singing, and sharing music with his family.

Esteban Hernández Parra is a mestizo musician from Colombia, dedicated to building community around learning, playing, and teaching viola. He is Visiting Assistant Professor of Viola at the University of Arizona Fred Fox School of Music and a candidate in the Doctor of Music program in Viola Performance with a minor in Music Education at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. Esteban holds a Master of Music and Performance Diploma in Viola Performance from the Jacobs School as well as a Bachelor of Music in Viola Performance from the Fundación Universitaria Juan N. Corpas in Bogatá, Colombia. His action as a performer and researcher is rooted in decolonial work, and he engages with communities whose musical practices reclaim local identities and ancestral territories in Abya Yala, towards a dignified existence. Through teaching at the University of Arizona, he can learn from and with students and colleagues while sustaining local collaborations with the Q’iru Ensemble, Tucson Son Jarocho, La Peña del Surco, TUSD, and South Tucson Community Organization, as well national and international connections with Bach Collegium Fort Wayne, Bloomington Early Music Festival, and Ensamble Visionaries in Colombia.

An active performer and educator based in Indianapolis, Sara Petokas performs regularly on both modern and historical instruments. Sara holds a Bachelors of Music Education from Mansfield University, a Masters in Horn Performance from the Eastman School of Music and is currently finishing her Doctorate in Horn Performance and Literature at Indiana University. On the baroque horn, Sara has performed with the Indiana University Baroque Orchestra, the Bloomington Bach Cantata Project, and the North Carolina Baroque Orchestra on a project with the South Carolina Bach Society. She recently performed Handel’s Parnasso in Festa and the Telemann Concerto for two horns TWV 52:D2 with the Indiana University Baroque Orchestra. On the modern horn, Sara holds the chair of Fourth Horn with the Lafayette Symphony Orchestra and appears regularly with the Danville (IL) Symphony Orchestra, Carmel Symphony Orchestra, Terre Haute Symphony Orchestra, Columbus Indiana Philharmonic, and the Kokomo Symphony Orchestra. Sara is a founding member of Flower City Brass, a quintet formed at Eastman in 2017 that has since performed around the world, most recently at the Aspen Music Festival.

Howell Petty (they/them) is a historically trained soprano who specializes in the Italian Baroque and the vocal music of Agostino Steffani. Howell earned their master’s degree at IU Bloomington, where they studied with Judith Malafronte and appeared regularly with the Bloomington Bach Cantata Project. They have performed at the Bloomington Early Music Festival with various ensembles in recent years, returning this year with Tonos del Sur. Currently based in NYC, Howell is a mentee of the TENET Trailblazer program directed by Jolle Greenleaf, has sung in workshops at Juilliard’s historical performance department, and appears frequently with the Yale Consort under the direction of James O’Donnell.

Dr. Michael Stiles is a Bloomington-based performer and teacher on French horn. He received his Doctor of Music in Performance and Literature in 2021 with minor areas in music history and historical performance. He plays second horn in the Carmel Symphony Orchestra and is a regular substitute member for the orchestras in Columbus, Terre Haute, Evansville, and Lafayette, Indiana. He performs on natural horn with ensembles including Bach Society of Minnesota, Haymarket Opera, North Carolina Baroque Orchestra, Choral Arts Philadelphia, and has appeared twice as a soloist with the IU Baroque Orchestra. He is currently Adjunct Instructor of Horn at Marian University in Indianapolis. For his doctoral dissertation, Stiles created a performer’s edition of Handel’s complete horn parts which will soon be published by BirdAlone Books and Music. He has previously worked as a Teaching Artist for The Philadelphia Orchestra and the El Sistema-inspired Play On, Philly, and as department coordinator for the Historical Performance Institute of the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University. His primary teachers are Jeffrey Nelsen, Richard Seraphinoff, Dale Clevenger, Denise Tryon, John David Smith, and William Scharnberg.